As the EU makes increasing use of trade defence instruments, a growing number of measures are affecting the products and inputs needed for the transition to carbon neutrality. How can Europe combat unfair competition whilst supporting the decarbonisation of its economy? This policy brief examines how carbon neutrality considerations could be better integrated into EU trade defence investigations, from the decision to initiate proceedings through to the design and review of measures. It identifies concrete measures available under the current framework, as well as opportunities for future reform, in order to better align trade defence objectives with climate objectives.